Brooder temperature is a starting point
A common planning target is approximately 95°F at chick level during the first week, decreasing about 5°F each week. The brooder must also provide a cooler area so chicks can regulate their own comfort.
Behavior is the essential cross-check: evenly distributed chicks are generally comfortable, persistent huddling suggests they are cold, and chicks staying far from the heat source may be too warm.
Prepare before chicks arrive
Set up and test heat, feed, water, bedding, and temperature monitoring before arrival. Previously used brooders and equipment should be properly cleaned, disinfected, and dried first.
Planning reference: Penn State Extension—Brooding of Domestic Fowl.